ABSTRACT We show new evidence that the consequences of historical warfare for state development differ for Sub-Saharan Africa. We identify the locations of more than 1,600 conflicts in Africa, Asia, and Europe from 1400 to 1799. We find that historical warfare predicts common-interest states defined by high fiscal capacity and low civil conflict across much of the Old World. For Sub-Saharan Africa, historical warfare predicts special-interest states defined by high fiscal capacity and high civil conflict. Our results offer new evidence about where and when ‘war makes states’.

中文翻译：

---

非洲不同吗？历史冲突与国家发展

摘要我们显示出新的证据表明，历史战争对撒哈拉以南非洲国家发展的影响是不同的。我们确定了从1400年到1799年在非洲，亚洲和欧洲发生的1,600多个冲突的发生地点。我们发现历史战役预测的是旧世界大部分地区的高财力和低内战定义的共同利益国家。对于撒哈拉以南非洲地区，历史战事预示着由高财政能力和高内部冲突界定的特殊利益国家。我们的结果提供了有关“战争使国家”在何时何地的新证据。