ABSTRACT The Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (JAFC), established in the early phase of the Soviet-Nazi war as a propaganda unit, gradually developed links with foreign Jewish organizations and began to act as a body taking responsibility for Soviet Jewish citizens’ interests. The turning point in the JAFC's destiny was the 1943 trip of its top representatives, Solomon Mikhoels and Itsik Fefer, to the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Britain. The success of their tour had encouraged the committee to extend the areas of its activity and, at the same time, had drawn a more attantive gaze of the Soviet secret police. In 1948, the decision came to close the JAFC and, concurrently or later, virtually the entire infrastructure of Jewish cultural life in the Soviet Union. In 1952, a group of Jewish intellectuals faced a secret trial, whose minutes are analyzed in the special section of East European Jewish Affairs. This article provides an introduction to the analysis presented in this special section.

中文翻译：

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犹太反法西斯委员会的生、死和来世

摘要 在苏德战争初期，作为宣传单位成立的犹太反法西斯委员会（JAFC）逐渐与外国犹太组织建立联系，并开始作为对苏联犹太公民利益负责的机构。JAFC 命运的转折点是 1943 年其最高代表所罗门·米霍尔斯 (Solomon Mikhoels) 和伊西克·费弗 (Itsik Fefer) 前往美国、加拿大、墨西哥和英国的旅行。他们巡视的成功鼓励了委员会扩大其活动范围，同时也吸引了苏联秘密警察更细心的目光。1948 年，决定关闭 JAFC，并同时或稍后关闭苏联犹太文化生活的几乎整个基础设施。1952年，一群犹太知识分子面临秘密审判，他们的会议记录在东欧犹太人事务的特别部分进行了分析。本文介绍了这一特殊部分中的分析。