ABSTRACT The goal of this article is to discuss and analyse viewer-sensing artworks and the reversed situation that occurs in the exhibition space when artworks ‘look’ at the viewers or sense them by other means. This helps answer the following questions: do we have here a new spectator paradigm in which the artwork is active and no longer simply an object under observation? Can we talk about the ‘gaze’ of the artwork? To answer these questions I firstly examine the topics of machine vision, computer vision, biovision and the evolution of vision. Dividing interactive artworks into four categories (distant, contact, bio-based/symbiotic and chance-based interaction) enables me to illustrate the developments in feedback systems which became evident in recent decades. These categories exemplify how the artwork’s ‘gaze’ approaches the body of the viewer until it penetrates its surface and reaches ‘under the skin’.

中文翻译：

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扭转观众的范式：共生互动和艺术品的“凝视”

摘要本文的目的是讨论和分析观众感知的艺术品以及当艺术品“看着”观众或通过其他方式感知时，在展览空间中发生的逆向情况。这有助于回答以下问题：在这里，我们是否有一个新的旁观者范式，其中的艺术品是活跃的，不再仅仅是观察对象？我们可以谈谈艺术品的“凝视”吗？为了回答这些问题，我首先研究了机器视觉，计算机视觉，生物视觉和视觉发展的主题。将交互式艺术作品分为四个类别（远距离，接触，基于生物/共生和基于机会的交互）使我能够说明反馈系统的发展，这在近几十年来变得显而易见。