ABSTRACT The 2003 Mars Explorer Rovers (MER), Spirit and Opportunity were tele-robots operated by a complex collaborative process involving about 120 scientists and engineers. The scientists operating the Rovers experienced telepresence on Mars, raising questions about embodiment and the human capacity to transport itself across distance via data. This instance of telepresence is intriguing because it occurs in the absence of real-time interaction and sensory rich feedback, which are often deemed essential to telepresence. This paper argues that MER telepresence can be understood in terms of the open perceptual circuit, as developed by Aud Sissel Hoel and Annamaria Carusi from Merleau-Ponty’s later writings. Remote operation employs a decentred body that is in an open perceptual circuit with its environment, interrelated with representations, data and tools. MER telepresence shows how Merleau-Ponty’s thought about embodiment relationships extends beyond Don Ihde’s account of the incorporation of tools as proxies into a body schema. Returning to the MER operators’ experience enables the articulation of dimensions of telepresence that go beyond sensory rich, real time interaction, such as the embodied imagination, linguistic projection and cultural narratives.

中文翻译：

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来自火星探险家 Rovers 的远程呈现课程：梅洛-庞蒂和开放的知觉回路

摘要 2003 年的火星探索者漫游者 (MER)、Spirit 和 Opportunity 是由大约 120 名科学家和工程师参与的复杂协作过程操作的远程机器人。操作漫游者的科学家们在火星上体验了远程呈现，引发了关于体现和人类通过数据跨越距离传输自己的能力的问题。这个远程呈现的例子很有趣，因为它发生在缺乏实时交互和感官丰富的反馈的情况下，这通常被认为是远程呈现必不可少的。本文认为 MER 远程呈现可以从开放的知觉回路来理解，正如 Aud Sissel Hoel 和 Annamaria Carusi 在梅洛-庞蒂的后期著作中所发展的那样。远程操作使用一个去中心化的身体，它与环境处于开放的感知回路中，与表征相互关联，数据和工具。MER 远程呈现展示了梅洛-庞蒂关于具身关系的思想如何超越唐伊德关于将工具作为代理并入身体模式的解释。回到 MER 操作员的经验，可以阐明超越感官丰富的实时交互的远程呈现维度，例如具身想象、语言投射和文化叙事。