Abstract Interregional polity interaction in urbanized societies have long been a primary concern for researchers studying state formation and various forms of complexity. The sociopolitical development of Mahan (c. 100 BCE–300 CE) seems to have been intertwined with cooperative exchange networks among peer polities. Mahan elites used beads as means to display social status, to communicate with trading partners (or peers), and to share ideology. The symbolic beading styles display a distinct spatial distribution pattern along with other elite goods, such as mound tombs and ceremonial pottery, which reflect the formation of interaction spheres. Over time, the beads spread from the west coast to the eastern inland, and new regional exchange networks appeared throughout the Mahan area. From this, I propose that the Mahan elites maintained a cooperative networking strategy to promote social stability and legitimize local leadership status as well as reduce conflicts with neighboring polities. Ultimately, interregional polity interaction would have allowed Mahan polities to reduce potential conflicts and enable co-development with surrounding polities without integrated administrative and political systems.

中文翻译：

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韩国马汉文明（约公元前100-300年）中的象征性珠子交换和政体互动

摘要长期以来，城市化社会中的区域间政体互动一直是研究者研究国家形成和各种形式的复杂性的主要关注点。马汉（公元前100年至公元300年）的社会政治发展似乎与同peer之间的合作交流网络交织在一起。Mahan精英们使用珠子来展示社会地位，与贸易伙伴（或同伴）进行交流以及分享意识形态。象征性的串珠风格与其他名贵物品（如土墩墓和礼仪陶器）一起展示了相互作用的球体，形成了独特的空间分布格局。随着时间的流逝，珠子从西海岸扩散到东部内陆，新的区域交换网络遍布整个马汉地区。由此，我建议马汉精英阶层维持合作网络战略，以促进社会稳定和使地方领导地位合法化，并减少与邻近政体的冲突。最终，区域之间的政体互动将使马汉政党减少潜在的冲突，并与周围政体共同发展，而无需整合行政和政治体系。