Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze animal bone assemblages from Mikhailo-Ovsyanka I, which is a Srubnaya settlement located in the Middle Volga, and, based on this analysis, get a better understanding of the economic life of the earliest miners, their animal husbandry practices, and the exchange system they developed. Main activities of the local population centered on mining; free range animal husbandry was a secondary occupation. The paleozoological, isotope and seasonality data reflect the subsistence system of the local Srubnaya population. It included seasonal (summer–autumn) search for copper ore and its extraction, small-scale smelting of metal and casting of items; exchange of ore/metal/goods for animals; free range animal husbandry with seasonal grasslands used on a rotational basis. Presence of non-local cattle bones suggests that the metal-animal exchange system began to evolve at small-scale metallurgical centers such as Mikhailo-Ovsyanka I in the Middle Volga region roughly in 1800 calBC. However, mineral resources were not abundant in this area and, most likely, the miners were forced to search other deposits. The situation was different at Gorny, Kargaly, which was a large Srubnaya mining site in the Urals where people lived all year round. They developed a special ore/metal–animals exchange system and extracted ore and exchanged it for cattle throughout three hundred years.

中文翻译：

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动物，金属和同位素：伏尔加河地区青铜时代晚期的采矿场所Mikhailo-Ovsyanka I

摘要本文的目的是分析位于伏尔加河中部的Srubnaya聚居地Mikhailo-Ovsyanka I的动物骨骼组合，并在此基础上更好地了解最早的矿工，他们的经济生活。畜牧业实践及其发展的交换系统。当地人口的主要活动以采矿为中心；放牧是第二职业。古动物学，同位素和季节性数据反映了当地Srubnaya人口的生存系统。它包括对铜矿石及其提取的季节性（夏季至秋季）搜索，金属的小规模冶炼和物品的铸造；为动物交换矿石/金属/货物；轮换使用季节性草原的自由放牧。非本地牛骨头的存在表明金属-动物交换系统在小规模的冶金中心（例如，大约1800 calBC的中伏尔加河地区的Mikhailo-Ovsyanka I）开始发展。但是，该地区的矿产资源并不丰富，最有可能的是，矿工被迫寻找其他矿床。卡尔加里戈尔尼的情况则不同，那是乌拉尔地区Srubnaya的一个大型采矿场所，人们终年居住。他们开发了一种特殊的矿石/金属-动物交换系统，并提取了矿石并将其交换为牛用了300年。矿工被迫寻找其他矿床。卡尔加里戈尔尼的情况则不同，那是乌拉尔地区Srubnaya的一个大型采矿场所，人们终年居住。他们开发了一种特殊的矿石/金属-动物交换系统，并提取了矿石并将其交换为牛用了300年。矿工被迫寻找其他矿床。卡尔加里戈尔尼的情况则不同，那是乌拉尔地区Srubnaya的一个大型采矿场所，人们终年居住。他们开发了一种特殊的矿石/金属-动物交换系统，并提取了矿石并将其交换为牛用了300年。