ABSTRACT

The paper critically evaluates Rahel Jaeggi’s concept of form of life. Particularly, it deals with the question of why one should want to criticize forms of life or society in the first place. While Jaeggi mentions issues of rationality and success, the paper refers to issues of suffering. Therefore, it introduces firstly the concept of pervasive doctrine, which aims at complementing, not at substituting, Jaeggi’s concept of form of life. A pervasive doctrine is composed by (1) a coherent system of believes, by (2) a coherent set of values inspired by these believes, as well by a set of (3) norms and of (4) social practices organized around (1) and (2). It is pervasive insofar as it aims at explaining and regulating every aspect of the life of individuals and communities. The paper establishes, secondly, a connection between pervasive doctrines and systemic suffering, i.e. a suffering whose roots lie in the very way society is structured and the power relations within it that have been distributed along its history. Analysing the effects of pervasive doctrines in provoking systemic suffering is offered as a complementary critical strategy to the critique of forms of life provided by Jaeggi.

摘要

这篇论文批判性地评价了 Rahel Jaeggi 的生命形式概念。特别是，它首先解决了为什么要批评生活或社会形式的问题。Jaeggi 提到了理性和成功的问题，而这篇论文提到了痛苦的问题。因此，它首先引入了普遍主义的概念，它旨在补充而不是替代Jaeggi的生命形式概念。一个普遍的教义由 (1) 一个连贯的信仰系统，(2) 一组受这些信仰启发的连贯价值观，以及一组 (3) 规范和 (4) 围绕 (1) 组织的社会实践组成) 和 (2)。它是普遍存在的，因为它旨在解释和规范个人和社区生活的各个方面。论文第二，普遍的教义与系统性苦难之间的联系，即这种苦难的根源在于社会的结构方式及其内部的权力关系，这些关系沿着其历史分布。分析普遍教义在引发系统性痛苦方面的影响是对 Jaeggi 提供的对生命形式批判的补充批判策略。