ABSTRACT

Although therapists often provide advice in psychotherapy, we have minimal empirical evidence about its effect. For the current study, we examined the antecedents and consequences of solicited and unsolicited advice in individual psychodynamic psychotherapy for 98 adult clients and 30 doctoral student therapists. In solicited advice events, therapists were more likely to give advice when there was high antecedent client collaboration; clients sought more outside-of-therapy advice when antecedent client collaboration was high and more therapy-related advice when antecedent client collaboration was low; subsequent client collaboration was low when therapists gave advice and when the advice was therapy-related; therapists who were anxiously attached were more likely to give advice to clients who were anxiously attached, whereas therapists who were less anxiously attached were more likely to give advice to clients who were less anxiously attached; therapists were more likely to give advice when therapists or clients had lower attachment avoidance. For unsolicited advice, client collaboration decreased after advice was given, and therapists who were anxiously attached were less likely to give advice to clients who were anxiously attached. We concluded that psychodynamic therapists should be cautious about giving advise and should be aware of how their own and their client’s attachment styles influence their advice-giving behavior.

摘要

尽管治疗师经常在心理治疗中提供建议，但我们对其效果的经验证据很少。在当前的研究中，我们研究了针对98位成年客户和30位博士生治疗师的个体心理动力学心理治疗中征求和不请自来的建议的前因和后果。在征求意见的活动中，在与客户进行高度合作之前，治疗师更有可能提供意见。在前期客户协作较高的情况下，客户寻求更多的非治疗建议；而在前期客户协作较低的情况下，客户寻求更多与治疗相关的建议；当治疗师提供建议并且该建议与治疗有关时，随后的客户合作度很低；焦虑依恋的治疗师更有可能向焦虑依恋的患者提供建议，焦虑程度较低的治疗师更有可能向焦虑程度较低的客户提供建议；当治疗师或服务对象的依恋避免率较低时，治疗师更有可能提供建议。对于不请自来的建议，在给出建议后，客户之间的协作会减少，并且焦虑依恋的治疗师向焦虑依恋的当事人提供建议的可能性较小。我们的结论是，心理动力治疗师应谨慎对待建议，并应意识到他们自己和客户的依恋风格如何影响他们的建议行为。提供建议后，客户合作减少，而焦虑依恋的治疗师向焦虑依恋的顾客提供建议的可能性较小。我们的结论是，心理动力治疗师应谨慎对待建议，并应意识到他们自己和客户的依恋风格如何影响他们的建议行为。提供建议后，客户合作减少，而焦虑依恋的治疗师向焦虑依恋的顾客提供建议的可能性较小。我们的结论是，心理动力治疗师应谨慎对待建议，并应意识到他们自己和客户的依恋风格如何影响他们的建议行为。