ABSTRACT

By tracing the history of maps of the Zurich Zoo since its inception in 1929, I enquire how ideas about human-animal relations in an urban context have changed. Linking Foucault's concept of the heterotopia with the ordering power of space allows to see that a map does more than show the way to one's favourite animals in a zoo. I suggest that the map can be understood as a necessary element in creating a heterotopia, an ‘other space', contributing more to visitors’ ideas about the zoo than generally assumed. Underlying the Foucauldian concept are endeavours to juxtapose several incompatible emplacements in one real place. These can be understood as efforts to accomplish an illusion that allows to reify the respective model of the zoo that each map pretends to illustrate. The maps aim to create an apparent ecology of proximities between animals and humans, and between the urban and the wild. All in all, the maps offer both a layout for human-animal relations and an instructive account of them, as depicted and imagined by the zoo authorities.

摘要

通过追溯苏黎世动物园自1929年成立以来的地图历史，我询问了有关城市环境中人与动物关系的观念是如何改变的。将福柯关于异位症的概念与空间的有序性联系起来，可以看到一张地图所做的不只是显示通往动物园中自己喜欢的动物的道路。我建议，可以将地图理解为创建异域性（“其他空间”）的必要元素，这比一般的设想对游客对动物园的想法贡献更大。Foucauldian概念的基础是将一个不兼容的安置并置在一个真实的地方的努力。可以将这些理解为实现一种幻觉的努力，该幻象允许对每个地图都假装说明的动物园的各个模型进行验证。这些地图旨在在动物和人类之间以及城市与野外之间建立一种明显的邻近生态。总而言之，这些地图既提供了人与动物之间关系的布局，又为它们提供了有启发性的说明，如动物园当局所描绘和想象的那样。