Dramatic deterioration of Hellenistic-Roman limestone remains recently excavated at Dülük Baba Tepesi (Southern Turkey) has been observed following the cold, wet winter of 2011/2012. A conceptual model is presented to explain the dramatic deterioration in which case hardening develops and initially strengthens the stone against deterioration, but then makes it more prone to exfoliation and blistering. Data collected using non-destructive techniques (Equotip surface hardness tester and Karsten tube for water uptake) on Fırat and Gaziantep formation limestone time series excavated in 2005, 2007, and 2013 demonstrates the progress of case hardening and deterioration after excavation. In combination with meteorological data from Gaziantep weather station the results are used to test and revise the model taking into account non-linear and threshold effects. Future excavation and conservation efforts should take into account the often-complex interactions between post-excavation case hardening and extreme winter conditions which can cause catastrophic deterioration.

中文翻译：

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土耳其南部DülükBaba Tepesi的Iupiter Dolichenus中央圣殿的灾难性石灰石腐烂：原因和对未来保护的意义

在2011/2012冬季寒冷潮湿之后，最近在DülükBaba Tepesi（土耳其南部）发现的古希腊罗马石灰岩仍在急剧恶化。提出了一个概念模型来解释剧烈的变质，在这种情况下，会发生表面硬化，并首先增强了石材的抗变质能力，但随后使它更易于脱落和起泡。在2005年，2007年和2013年挖掘的Fırat和Gaziantep地层石灰岩时间序列上，使用非破坏性技术（Equotip表面硬度测试仪和用于吸水的Karsten管）收集的数据表明，开挖后表层硬化和劣化的进展。结合来自加济安泰普气象站的气象数据，可将结果用于测试和修改模型，同时考虑非线性和阈值影响。未来的开挖和保护工作应考虑到开挖后硬化和极端冬季条件（通常会导致灾难性恶化）之间经常复杂的相互作用。