ABSTRACT Water resource management is a major challenge throughout the world. People still use traditional water harvesting and conservation techniques in many long-established societies. However, traditional methods are in decline or have been abandoned in many countries even though they are more efficient and cost effective than modern water harvesting techniques. Nevertheless, traditional approaches continue to be valuable in some countries, including Nepal. This research documents the state of such traditional methods, in this case stone spouts, in relation to their use and management within urban and peri-urban areas of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. This study shows a somewhat surprising outcome that spout condition is better in unprotected areas than in protected areas.

中文翻译：

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尼泊尔加德满都谷地传统石嘴的现状及其使用和管理

摘要水资源管理是全世界的主要挑战。在许多历史悠久的社会中，人们仍然使用传统的水收集和保护技术。但是，尽管传统方法比现代集水技术更有效，成本效益更高，但在许多国家却正在下降或被放弃。尽管如此，传统方法在包括尼泊尔在内的某些国家仍然很有价值。这项研究记录了这种传统方法（在这种情况下为石嘴）在尼泊尔加德满都谷地市区和郊区的使用和管理方面的现状。这项研究表明，出乎意料的结果是，未保护区的水嘴状况比保护区要好。