Abstract The governments in Africa implement various development projects to improve livelihoods. The projects are both large and small scale. Large-scale projects include construction of dams, railway lines, roads, industrial complexes, expanding cities and new mines. Small-scale ones include establishing new residential houses and maintenance of roads linking administrative divisions. Both large- and small-scale projects involve land disturbance and have the potential to destroy archaeological heritage particularly when not accompanied by salvage studies. Unfortunately, archaeological salvage studies largely focus on large-scale projects. Only a handful of studies may have investigated the impact of small-scale projects. This paper focuses on small-scale projects and investigates the seven-hectare archaeological site of Bweni in NE Tanzania. The project to build fishing ponds on an area of only 350 m2 destroyed archaeological heritage including human remains and ceramics of the early Swahili period, ceramics and beads of the Swahili ‘golden age’ period, and archaeological records of the post-Swahili period.

中文翻译：

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小型开发项目对非洲考古遗产的影响：坦桑尼亚的经验

摘要非洲各国政府实施了各种发展项目以改善民生。这些项目无论规模大小。大型项目包括水坝，铁路线，道路，工业园区，城市扩展和新矿的建设。小规模的项目包括建立新的住宅和维护连接行政区划的道路。大型项目和小型项目都涉及土地干扰，并且可能破坏考古遗产，尤其是在没有进行补救研究的情况下。不幸的是，考古救助研究主要集中在大型项目上。只有少数研究可能调查了小型项目的影响。本文着重于小型项目，并研究了坦桑尼亚东北部布瓦尼（Bweni）占地7公顷的考古遗址。