Remotely sensed data and imagery have revolutionized the way we understand archaeological sites and landscapes. LiDAR / airborne laser scanning (ALS) has been used to capture the often subtle topographic remnants of previously undiscovered sites even in intensely studied landscapes, and is rapidly becoming a key technology in survey projects with large extents and/or difficult terrain. This paper examines the practical application of this technology to archaeological heritage management, with special attention given to how ALS can support the World Heritage List nomination process and management of WHS archaeological sites and landscapes. It presents a number of examples from published ALS studies alongside case studies from projects undertaken by the authors at Cultural Site Research and Management and the Cultural Site Research and Management Foundation, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The paper opens with a review of how ALS has been used at established World Heritage Sites, focusing on the Archaeological Ensemble of the Bend in the Boyne, Ireland, and the Angkor Archaeological Site in Cambodia. ALS applications for site prospection and demarcation, and viewshed analysis is explored in this section. Following this, we explore how ALS has been used to support two recent applications: the successfully nominated Monumental Earthworks at Poverty Point, USA and the recently nominated Orheiul Vechi Archaeological Landscape in Moldova. We propose that the detail offered by ALS data greatly strengthens nomination dossiers by emphasizing the outstanding universal value of sites, highlighting significant features and providing greater context to wider landscapes, and is particularly efficacious in delineating site boundaries for legal protection and long-term management. Finally, we conclude with a look at some of the practical considerations involved in the use of ALS, including access and training.

中文翻译：

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LiDAR /机载激光扫描在世界遗产地管理中的新兴应用

遥感数据和图像彻底改变了我们了解考古遗址和风景的方式。LiDAR /机载激光扫描（ALS）已被用于捕获以前未发现的地点通常微妙的地形残留物，即使在经过深入研究的景观中，也正迅速成为具有较大范围和/或困难地形的勘测项目中的关键技术。本文研究了该技术在考古遗产管理中的实际应用，并特别关注了ALS如何支持世界遗产名录提名流程以及WHS考古遗址和景观的管理。它展示了已发布的ALS研究的许多示例，以及美国文化遗址研究与管理和美国马里兰州巴尔的摩文化遗址研究与管理基金会的作者所从事项目的案例研究。本文首先回顾了如何在已建立的世界遗产中使用ALS，重点是爱尔兰博伊恩河弯的考古群和柬埔寨的吴哥考古场。本节探讨了ALS在站点勘探和标界以及视域分析中的应用。接下来，我们探索ALS如何用于支持两个最近的应用程序：成功提名的美国贫困点的纪念性土方工程和最近提名的摩尔多瓦的Orheiul Vechi考古景观。我们建议ALS数据提供的详细信息通过强调站点的突出通用价值，突出重要特征并为更广阔的景观提供更大的上下文来极大地增强提名档案，并且在划定站点边界以进行法律保护和长期管理方面特别有效。最后，我们总结一下使用ALS涉及的一些实际考虑因素，包括访问和培训。