ABSTRACT Few observers will have noticed that Turkey is second only to the USA in having large parts of its army stationed abroad. This contribution will focus on these interventions – which are diverse in nature and political origin. Featuring the second largest territorial army within NATO and only recently exploring its regional and, to some extent, global geopolitical ambitions, Turkey’s interventionism is ambiguous and remains difficult to make sense of. While Turkey’s interventions may not confront Western interests to the same extent that Russia’s do, operations, like in Cyprus, nevertheless cause a general sense of unease about this middle-ranking regional power conducting large-scale military interventions. While many are not directly sanctioned, others are outright opposed by the West. Starting from Turkey’s participation in the Korean War, there is, conversely, a longer history of Turkey playing an integral role in Western interventionism. More recently, Turkey’s involvement in the Middle East, and particularly in Syria, has given rise to claims that it continues to pursue a ‘neo-Ottoman’ foreign policy. The short history presented here reflects on the geopolitically awkward position Turkey’s interventionism takes up in between ambitions for regional hegemony, a rising global power and an integral part of the liberal Western order.

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新奥斯曼主义，欧亚主义还是该地区的安全？对土耳其干预主义的更长远看法

摘要几乎没有观察者会注意到，土耳其在海外部署了大批军队，仅次于美国。这项贡献将集中于这些干预措施，这些干预措施的性质和政治渊源各不相同。土耳其的干预主义是北约内部的第二大领土军，最近才探索其区域乃至全球的地缘政治野心，因此模棱两可，而且仍然难以理解。尽管土耳其的干预措施可能未像俄罗斯那样以一定程度面对西方利益，但像在塞浦路斯那样的行动却使人们对这种进行大规模军事干预的中级地区强国普遍感到不安。尽管许多国家没有直接受到制裁，但其他国家却遭到西方的完全反对。相反，从土耳其参加朝鲜战争开始，土耳其的悠久历史在西方干预主义中起着不可或缺的作用。最近，土耳其介入中东，特别是在叙利亚，引起了人们称其继续奉行“新奥斯曼”外交政策。这里介绍的简短历史反映了土耳其的干预主义在区域霸权的野心，全球力量的崛起和西方自由主义的组成部分之间占据的地缘政治尴尬地位。