ABSTRACT My paper proposes to assess the contributions of Bhai Vir Singh to the newly emergent Punjabi print spheres in the late colonial period. Critical literature on the print and public spheres in colonial Punjab has described these as imitative of the prototype of western models and as ‘derivative' discourses. It is through the example of Bhai Vir Singh that we can argue otherwise. This paper argues that the print sphere made it possible for newer subjectivities and modes of agency to emerge and it is through this politically critical idea of agency that Bhai Vir Singh’s work can be examined.

中文翻译：

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Bhai Vir Singh和旁遮普殖民地的公共场所

摘要我的论文建议评估Bhai Vir Singh在殖民后期对新出现的旁遮普版图领域的贡献。殖民旁遮普邦的印刷和公共领域的批判文学将其描述为对西方模式原型的模仿和“衍生”论述。通过Bhai Vir Singh的例子，我们可以反驳。本文认为，印刷领域使更新的主体性和代理模式得以出现，而正是通过这种具有政治意义的代理思想，才可以审视Bhai Vir Singh的工作。