Abstract There is evidence that North Korea’s ballistic missile program benefited from support from the Soviet Union until its collapse and from Russia thereafter. Along with transfers of missile systems and rocket components, it appears that Russian engineers directly supported the program in North Korea. Analysis of missile launches, imagery, design solutions, and technology suggest that Pyongyang’s recent missile program may have continued to have external support despite a pause in the 2000s. This assistance may have enabled the progress in North Korea’s missile program leading to tests of an intercontinental range ballistic missile in 2017.

中文翻译：

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对朝鲜导弹计划的外国援助范围

摘要 有证据表明，朝鲜的弹道导弹计划在其解体前得到了苏联的支持，此后得到了俄罗斯的支持。随着导弹系统和火箭部件的转移，俄罗斯工程师似乎直接支持了朝鲜的计划。对导弹发射、图像、设计解决方案和技术的分析表明，尽管在 2000 年代暂停，平壤最近的导弹计划可能继续得到外部支持。这种援助可能促进了朝鲜导弹计划的进展，导致 2017 年试射洲际弹道导弹。