ABSTRACT This work seeks to establish the role that the Russian deictic TAM ‘there’ plays in conveying irrealis. TAM has attracted some attention among linguists because of its frequency of occurrence and polyfunctionality. To our knowledge, however, there has been no mention of TAM as described in the present paper. The study explores the semantic and pragmatic features of TAM and argues that this deictic is licensed primarily in irrealis environments (i. e. contrary-to-fact and hypothetical situations, unrealized or future events, negation, commands etc.). This licensing requirement also provides an explanation for other functions of TAM, such as vague approximator, marker of continuation and enumeration, disjunctive connective, marker of indefinite reference and evidential. In a cross-linguistic perspective, the set of functions performed by TAM seems similar to the semantic network developed by several irrealis markers in various languages and echoes the use of deictic spatial morphemes to mark irrealis and future contexts.

中文翻译：

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现代俄语中指示性 TAM 的虚幻使用

摘要 这项工作旨在确定俄罗斯指示语 TAM 'there' 在传达不真实中所起的作用。TAM 因其出现频率和多功能性而引起了语言学家的一些关注。然而，据我们所知，本文并未提及 TAM。该研究探讨了 TAM 的语义和语用特征，并认为该指示语主要在不真实的环境中获得许可（即与事实相反的和假设的情况、未实现或未来的事件、否定、命令等）。此许可要求还解释了 TAM 的其他功能，例如模糊逼近器、延续和枚举标记、分离连接词、不确定参考标记和证据。从跨语言的角度来看，