ABSTRACT When a verb is borrowed into Russian, it must adapt to the Russian aspectual system. The borrowed verb takes on the functions of one of the two aspects and often (but not always) forms a corresponding verb in the other aspect, forming what is called an aspectual pair, one imperfective and one perfective verb sharing meaning but differing in aspect. Most new verbs in Russian are borrowed from languages that do not have the imperfective–perfective aspectual opposition. For this reason, borrowed verbs give us an interesting opportunity to study the mechanisms behind the formation of aspectual pairs. This observational study consists of 248 unprefixed verbs ending on -ovat′ or -evat′, borrowed during the twentieth century. The material was gathered from the Russian National Corpus (RNC), from the online dictionary Wiktionary, and from seven printed dictionaries from the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The results of the study are that the most common method to form aspectual pairs is prefixation; the most common aspectual prefixes are za-, s-, pro- and ot-; the choice of prefix is influenced by the meaning of the verb; and that the overlap in meaning between prefix and verb is especially visible in verbs with spatial meaning.

中文翻译：

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俄语中借用卵形动词的方位对的构成

摘要 当动词借入俄语时，它必须适应俄语的体格系统。借用动词承担两个方面之一的功能，并经常（但不总是）在另一个方面形成相应的动词，形成所谓的方面对，一个未完成和一个完成动词共享含义但在方面不同。俄语中的大多数新动词都是从没有未完成-完成体方面对立的语言中借来的。因此，借用动词为我们提供了一个有趣的机会来研究方面对形成背后的机制。这项观察性研究由 248 个以 -ovat' 或 -evat' 结尾的无前缀动词组成，这些动词是在二十世纪借用的。该材料来自俄罗斯国家语料库 (RNC)，来自在线词典维基词典，以及 20 和 21 世纪的七本印刷词典。研究结果表明，形成方面对的最常见方法是前缀；最常见的方面前缀是 za-、s-、pro- 和 ot-；前缀的选择受动词意义的影响；并且前缀和动词之间的意义重叠在具有空间意义的动词中尤为明显。