Prior to the modern welfare state, many large companies provided extensive welfare programmes for their employees. In this article, such welfare programmes – or corporate welfarism – in Finnish manufacturing firms in the early 20th century are the focus of attention. I analyse the content of these programmes and how they changed over time as part of the modernization and professionalization of management and industrial and societal change. I also discuss how company managers perceived the role of welfare provisions in corporate development and what happened with these programmes when the first steps towards the modern welfare state were taken. I show that these programmes started as a necessity and part of industrial paternalism, but gradually became part of labour management, in particular for the creation of a loyal workforce and productivity improvements. These programmes often developed in collaboration with local municipalities, which led to intertwined relationships at the local level, marked by both trust and tension in local communities. Once general welfare reforms emerged, companies often abandoned their voluntary programmes, while some services were taken over by the municipalities. I also ask to what extent these programmes were managerial strategies to counteract growing state involvement in their affairs.

中文翻译：

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芬兰的公司福利计划和工业现代化

在现代福利国家出现之前，许多大公司为其员工提供了广泛的福利计划。在本文中，20 世纪初芬兰制造企业的此类福利计划——或企业福利主义——成为关注的焦点。我分析了这些课程的内容以及它们如何随着管理现代化和专业化以及工业和社会变革而发生变化。我还讨论了公司经理如何看待福利条款在企业发展中的作用，以及在迈向现代福利国家的第一步时这些项目发生了什么。我表明这些计划开始时是工业家长式的必需品和一部分，但逐渐成为劳动管理的一部分，特别是为了培养忠诚的劳动力和提高生产力。这些项目通常与当地市政当局合作制定，从而在地方层面建立了相互交织的关系，以当地社区的信任和紧张为特征。一旦普遍福利改革出现，公司往往会放弃他们的志愿计划，而一些服务则由市政当局接管。我还问，这些项目在多大程度上是抵制国家对其事务日益增加的参与的管理策略。而一些服务由市政当局接管。我还问，这些项目在多大程度上是抵制国家对其事务日益增加的参与的管理策略。而一些服务由市政当局接管。我还问，这些项目在多大程度上是抵制国家对其事务日益增加的参与的管理策略。