ABSTRACT

The seventeenth century was a time when large economic transformations had direct consequences on people’s everyday lives. Increased economic pressure was put on rural populations, which affected their management of the resources that they owned in common. This paper examines how peasant communities managed commonly owned forests in Finland during the seventeenth century. The focus is placed on North Ostrobothnia, where large-scale tar production and widespread timber cutting took place to meet the growing need of European states for forest products. Through the study of district court protocols, this article analyses how peasant communities responded to and coped with the new economic climate of the period while local authorities enforced royally sanctioned restrictions and outside interest groups raised demands on what the peasantry could provide. Consequently, the peasantry formalised previously informal rules, regulated cutting activities in relation to the taxable capacity of the peasant households, and re-established borders, which offset privatisation.

摘要

17 世纪是大规模经济转型对人们的日常生活产生直接影响的时期。农村人口面临更大的经济压力，这影响了他们对共同拥有的资源的管理。本文考察了 17 世纪芬兰农民社区如何管理共有的森林。重点放在北 Ostrobothnia，那里进行了大规模的焦油生产和广泛的木材砍伐，以满足欧洲国家对林产品日益增长的需求。通过对地区法院协议的研究，本文分析了农民社区如何应对和应对这一时期的新经济气候，而地方当局则执行王室批准的限制措施，而外部利益集团则对农民所能提供的东西提出了要求。因此，农民正式制定了以前非正式的规则，规范了与农户应税能力有关的削减活动，并重新建立了边界，抵消了私有化。