ABSTRACT

Cooperation and cartels are common-place in the cement industry. The Nordic countries’ close historical ties meant cooperation between the cement companies and their directors existed from the industry’s establishment in the 1890s. Cooperation was an essential part of the activities of cement company managers and was integral to business operations, with national cartels also establishing international cartels. While cooperation was ever present, its forms varied over time. Even when the form and membership of the cartels changed, however, exports were always central. Cartel agreements were re-negotiated regularly and their Nordic managers kept in close contact with each other. The Nordic cement producers also cooperated with other European producers, eventually leading to the establishment of a European cement cartel, the Cembureau, in 1947. The Cembureau was the ultimate result of a long period of cooperation and trust driven by the Nordic cement companies.

摘要

合作和卡特尔在水泥工业中司空见惯。北欧国家紧密的历史联系意味着水泥公司与其董事之间的合作始于1890年代该行业的建立。合作是水泥公司经理人活动的重要组成部分，是企业运营不可或缺的组成部分，国家卡特尔也建立了国际卡特尔。虽然曾经存在合作，但其形式随时间而变化。然而，即使卡特尔的形式和成员发生了变化，出口也始终是核心。卡特尔协议定期进行重新谈判，其北欧管理人员保持密切联系。北欧水泥生产商还与其他欧洲生产商合作，最终导致在1947年成立了欧洲水泥卡特尔Cembureau。