ABSTRACT

In twentieth-century Spain, many industries were cartelised, and successfully created and maintained long-standing, mutually beneficial relationships with the State. This article describes two: the Spanish based sugar and cement cartels. In the case of sugar, controlling foreign imports was the key to survival of the General Association of Sugar Manufacturers (Sociedad General Azucarera, SGA). Although small ‘non-associated’ companies survived and competed with it, the cartel became strong when the three main sugar producers agreed not to compete and negotiated with the Spanish Government on tariff protection. In the more cohesive cement industry, a cartel was formed by the six largest companies and they presented a united front to the Ministry of Industry. From 1941 the cement cartel mainly sought, and received, support via production sharing (attending to the requests of the Franco’s regime) and participating in domestic price control.

摘要

在二十世纪的西班牙，许多行业都被卡特尔化，并成功地建立并与国家建立了长期的互利关系。本文介绍了两种：基于西班牙的糖和水泥卡特尔。就食糖而言，控制外国进口是制糖业总协会（SGA）生存的关键。尽管小型“非关联”公司幸存下来并与之竞争，但当三大食糖生产商同意不竞争并与西班牙政府就关税保护进行谈判时，卡特尔变得强大起来。在更具凝聚力的水泥行业中，六家最大的公司组成了一个卡特尔，他们向工业部展示了统一战线。从1941年起，水泥卡特尔就开始寻求并接受