ABSTRACT The eighteenth- and nineteenth-century colonial wars in the Cape Colony and trans-Keian territories in South Africa are usually represented as conflicts primarily involving male antagonists. The roles and experiences of indigenous women are usually overlooked or, at best, mentioned in passing. Closer examination of the wars that took place in what is now the Eastern Cape province of South Africa suggests that women were deeply affected by the various wars in a multitude of ways. They experienced first-hand death, disruption of their families and society, destruction of their homesteads and crops, and the looting of their livestock and other resources and were seized for forced labor. In the midst of the conflict, they developed different strategies to mitigate the effects of the wars and to survive, playing an active role in the wars as leaders, emissaries, and war doctors and in providing intelligence and commissariat support.

中文翻译：

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18世纪和19世纪，非洲妇女与开普殖民地和科萨兰的抵抗和剥夺战争

摘要开普殖民地和南非的跨基安人领地的18世纪和19世纪殖民战争通常被描述为主要涉及男性敌对者的冲突。土著妇女的作用和经验通常被忽视，或者至多没有提及。对现在在南非东开普省发生的战争进行的仔细研究表明，妇女受到各种各样战争的深刻影响。他们经历了第一手死亡，家庭和社会受到破坏，家园和农作物遭到破坏，牲畜和其他资源被洗劫的情况，被迫从事强迫劳动。在冲突中，他们制定了不同的战略来减轻战争的影响并生存，