This article demonstrates the unique role of the Russian philosophical tradition (“positive philosophy”) in the formation of an individual’s self-consciousness and attempts to overcome the limitations of simplistic ideological interpretations of Maxim Gorky, a distinguished representative of Russian culture. Relying on memoirs and epistolary evidence from Gorky and Fyodor Stepun, the authors show that, in the process of writing their memoirs and polemical works, Gorky and Stepun have created historical distance in relation to the present-day events surrounding them in order to better understand themselves in history. The article views Gorky’s and Stepun’s communications of the 1920s, their reflections on history and historical consciousness, as an expression of Russian intellectual culture. This concept of intellectual culture foregrounds knowledge as a valuable component, which is crucial for the development of an individual’s historical self-reflection.

中文翻译：

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马克西姆·高尔基（Maxim Gorky）和菲奥多·斯捷潘（Fyodor Stepun）：关于俄罗斯知识文化史的“对话”

本文展示了俄罗斯哲学传统（“积极哲学”）在个人自我意识形成中的独特作用，并试图克服对俄罗斯文化的杰出代表马克西姆·高尔基（Maxim Gorky）的简单化意识形态解释的局限性。依靠高尔基和费奥多·斯蒂芬的回忆录和书信，作者表明，在撰写回忆录和论辩性著作的过程中，高尔基和斯蒂芬与他们周围的当今事件建立了历史距离，以便更好地理解自己的历史。本文将高尔基和斯蒂芬的通讯，对历史和历史意识的反思视为1920年代俄国知识文化的一种表达。