ABSTRACT In the Early Modern time (the sixteenth to seventeenth centuries), moral philosophy underwent substantial changes. The most important among them were growing opposition to the theonomous understanding of morality and emerging of new attitudes toward normative force of moral ideas, conditions of morality, an ability of an individual to think morally, and the criterion for moral differences. Moral philosophy shifted its subject matter, and morality as such was problematized in a different way. Meanwhile, the development of content associated with the sphere of morality was not always directly related to elaboration of the concept of “morality” itself. The generalized concept of morality integrates content developed in various theoretical contexts and on various material. In the overall process by which the generalized concept of “morality” took shape, Early Modern philosophy shifted its focus from virtues and duties to morality (which includes both virtues and duties but also other related phenomena).

中文翻译：

---

早期现代哲学中的道德概念化

摘要在近代早期（十六至十七世纪），道德哲学发生了重大变化。其中最重要的是，人们越来越反对对道德规范的理解，并出现了对道德观念规范力量，道德条件，个人道德思考能力以及道德差异标准的新态度。道德哲学改变了它的主题，道德由此以不同的方式受到质疑。同时，与道德领域相关的内容的发展并不总是与“道德”概念本身的阐述直接相关。道德的广义概念整合了在各种理论背景和各种材料上发展起来的内容。