ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose an alternative approach to analysing the current duality of the Russian media system, which for a long time was regarded as transitional. We propose to interpret the current Russian media system in terms of institutional conflict between norms, which were artificially implemented and the grounded informal rules embodied in everyday practices both from market agents and audiences. Mainly implemented after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the norms were based on a neo-liberal representation of the media system, involving financial independence of the media from the state, a ‘news culture’ instead of a ‘propaganda culture’ and so on. At the same time, the informal rules were based on the paternalistic role of the state, the accessibility tradition and the fragmentation of the public sphere. The interaction of such elements forms the dualist or ‘uncertain’ character of the media system.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯媒体系统内的新老机构

摘要在本文中，我们提出了一种分析俄罗斯媒体系统当前二元性的替代方法，长期以来，该系统被认为是过渡性的。我们建议从人为实施的规范与体现在市场代理人和观众日常实践中的基础非正式规则之间的制度冲突来解释当前的俄罗斯媒体系统。主要在苏联解体后实施，这些规范基于媒体系统的新自由主义表现形式，涉及媒体在财政上独立于国家、“新闻文化”而非“宣传文化”等。 . 同时，非正式规则基于国家的家长式角色、无障碍传统和公共领域的碎片化。