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Subjective notes on the objective situation among Russian intellectuals
Russian Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2018-09-02 , DOI: 10.1080/19409419.2018.1533419
Leonid Gozman 1
Affiliation  

It’s flattering to feel you are a part of something so complex mere words can’t describe it. I’m talking about the Russian intelligentsia. So as not to end up drowning in definitions, let us be guided by the intuitive understandings that almost always suffice. We don’t require precise definitions for a horse or a table – we understand what it is without venturing ‘A horse is... ’ With regards to the intelligentsia, it’s clear that education is a necessary qualification for membership in this group, but not a sufficient one. The working definition must also include a certain system of values, lifestyle, and aesthetic preferences. At the same time, the professed moral ideals of responsibility to country and its people are not always put into practice. The very act of proclaiming these values does, however, inform one’s sense of self. In the same way, a person can sincerely believe he loves the theater while barely attending any shows, with the love of theater remaining a part of his or her identity. The same is with books – a member of the intelligentsia must have books in his home. He may never read them, but the bookshelves nonetheless create a certain atmosphere in the apartment. In the Soviet Union, everything belonged to the bureaucracy, and yet it was the intelligentsia that formed a privileged class. It wasn’t about the money. Many of the Soviet intelligentsia members were not well off. University professors with higher academic degrees and the staff of research institutes made a decent living, but young engineers, for example, lived rather humbly. Still, almost all of them had a clean – ‘brainy’ – job. This was quite important in a country where a huge percentage of the population earned their living through physical labor, often toiling in terrible conditions. If you belonged to the intelligentsia, you didn’t have to lift heavy loads, freeze on construction sites, or work in dirty overalls. This, along with the higher education, which became a widespread norm only in the post-Soviet period, gave him or her the sense of being among the elect, of belonging to a sort of nobility. Interestingly, the bureaucrats also considered the intelligentsia to be the privileged class – the nomenklatura sought to place their children into academic institutions rather than Party jobs. A comfortable life awaited the children of the party bosses after they defended their dissertations, which they did without fail.

中文翻译:

俄罗斯知识分子客观情况的主观笔记

感觉自己是如此复杂的事物的一部分,仅凭言语无法描述它,这真是令人受宠若惊。我说的是俄罗斯知识分子。为了避免淹没在定义中,让我们以几乎总是足够的直觉理解为指导。我们不需要对一匹马或一张桌子进行精确的定义——我们无需冒险就能理解它是什么“一匹马是……”对于知识分子来说,很明显,教育是成为这个群体成员的必要条件,但是不是一个足够的。工作定义还必须包括一定的价值观、生活方式和审美偏好体系。与此同时,自称对国家和人民负责的道德理想并不总是付诸实践。然而,宣扬这些价值观的行为确实会影响一个人的自我意识。以同样的方式,一个人可以真诚地相信他热爱戏剧,而几乎不参加任何演出,对戏剧的热爱仍然是他或她身份的一部分。书也是一样——知识分子的家中一定有书。他可能永远不会阅读它们,但书架仍然在公寓中营造出某种氛围。在苏联,一切都属于官僚,而知识分子却形成了特权阶级。这不是钱的问题。许多苏联知识分子并不富裕。高学历的大学教授和研究机构的工作人员过着体面的生活,但例如年轻的工程师,生活却相当谦虚。尽管如此,几乎所有人都有一份干净的——“聪明的”——工作。这在一个很大比例的人口通过体力劳动谋生的国家非常重要,他们经常在恶劣的条件下劳作。如果你属于知识分子,你就不必提重物,不必在建筑工地上冻僵,也不必穿着肮脏的工作服工作。这一点,再加上高等教育,只有在后苏联时期才成为一种普遍的规范,让他或她有一种属于选民的感觉,属于某种贵族。有趣的是,官僚们还认为知识分子是特权阶级——官僚们试图让他们的孩子进入学术机构而不是党内工作。在他们通过论文答辩后,等待着党老板的孩子们过上舒适的生活,他们没有失败。经常在恶劣的条件下劳作。如果你属于知识分子,你就不必提重物,不必在建筑工地上冻僵,也不必穿着肮脏的工作服工作。这一点,再加上高等教育,只有在后苏联时期才成为一种普遍的规范,让他或她有一种属于选民的感觉,属于某种贵族。有趣的是,官僚们还认为知识分子是特权阶级——官僚们试图让他们的孩子进入学术机构而不是党内工作。在他们通过论文答辩后,等待着党老板的孩子们过上舒适的生活,他们没有失败。经常在恶劣的条件下劳作。如果你属于知识分子,你就不必提重物,不必在建筑工地上冻僵,也不必穿着肮脏的工作服工作。这一点,再加上高等教育,只有在后苏联时期才成为一种普遍的规范,让他或她有一种属于选民的感觉,属于某种贵族。有趣的是,官僚们还认为知识分子是特权阶级——官僚们试图让他们的孩子进入学术机构而不是党内工作。在他们通过论文答辩后,等待着党老板的孩子们过上舒适的生活,他们没有失败。高等教育在后苏联时期才成为一种普遍规范,这让他或她有一种属于选民的感觉,属于某种贵族。有趣的是,官僚们还认为知识分子是特权阶级——官僚们试图让他们的孩子进入学术机构而不是党内工作。在他们通过论文答辩后,等待着党老板的孩子们过上舒适的生活,他们没有失败。高等教育在后苏联时期才成为一种普遍规范,这让他或她有一种属于选民的感觉,属于某种贵族。有趣的是,官僚们还认为知识分子是特权阶级——官僚们试图让他们的孩子进入学术机构而不是党内工作。在他们通过论文答辩后,等待着党老板的孩子们过上舒适的生活,他们没有失败。官僚们还认为知识分子是特权阶级——上官们试图让他们的孩子进入学术机构而不是党内工作。在他们通过论文答辩后,等待着党老板的孩子们过上舒适的生活,他们没有失败。官僚们还认为知识分子是特权阶级——上官们试图让他们的孩子进入学术机构而不是党内工作。在他们通过论文答辩后,等待着党老板的孩子们过上舒适的生活,他们没有失败。
更新日期:2018-09-02
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