Introduction

Limited literature exists regarding current practices in teaching and assessment of drug utilization review (DUR) skills in pharmacy schools. This manuscript aimed to: (1) examine how assessment is conducted for DUR activities using survey results and (2) summarize the assessment strategies of DUR activities via analysis of tools in colleges of pharmacy.

Methods

A survey was administered to members of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Laboratory Instructors Special Interest Group via Qualtrics. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate survey results and the assessment tools (i.e. rubrics/checklists) collected were analyzed qualitatively to determine common content areas.

Results

Out of the 113 institutions emailed, 48 (42.5%) responses were complete and represented individual colleges. Thirty-four of those 48 both implemented and assessed DUR activities. Fourteen institutions (41%) utilized one DUR assessment tool throughout the entire curriculum. The majority (62%) used the assessment tool in the first professional year, with a paper tool being the most frequently utilized (74%). “Identification of drug-related problems” (97%) and “determination of the pharmacist's action” (85%) were listed as important components of the assessment tool. Faculty noted that the assessment tool was easy to use (55%) and adequately assessed students' knowledge/skills (55%). A validated assessment tool (85%) and inclusion of technology (50%) would improve delivery of student feedback.

Conclusions

Wide variability existed in how schools incorporated and assessed DUR activities. Developing a standardized method of teaching and assessing DUR is important to adequately prepare the next generation of pharmacists.

中文翻译：

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美国药学院内药物利用审查活动的评估

介绍

关于药学院药物使用审查 (DUR) 技能教学和评估的当前实践的文献有限。本手稿旨在：（1）利用调查结果研究如何对 DUR 活动进行评估；（2）通过分析药学院的工具，总结 DUR 活动的评估策略。

方法

通过 Qualtrics 对美国药学实验室讲师特别兴趣小组的成员进行了一项调查。描述性统计用于评估调查结果，并对收集到的评估工具（即量规/检查表）进行定性分析，以确定常见的内容领域。

结果

在通过电子邮件发送的 113 家机构中，有 48 家（42.5%）的回复是完整的，并且代表了各个学院。在这 48 个项目中，有 34 个项目实施并评估了 DUR 活动。14 所机构 (41%) 在整个课程中使用了一种 DUR 评估工具。大多数人 (62%) 在第一个职业年使用评估工具，最常用的是纸质工具 (74%)。“药物相关问题的识别”（97%）和“药剂师行动的确定”（85%）被列为评估工具的重要组成部分。教职员工指出评估工具易于使用 (55%) 并充分评估了学生的知识/技能 (55%)。经过验证的评估工具 (85%) 和技术的包含 (50%) 将改善学生反馈的交付。

结论

学校如何纳入和评估 DUR 活动存在很大差异。制定标准化的教学和评估 DUR 方法对于为下一代药剂师做好充分准备非常重要。