This study reconstructs fusion of skeletal elements and tooth emergence relative to tooth formation among prehistoric hunter-gatherers from Cis-Baikal, Siberia (ca. 8000 to 5200 BP). Tooth formation was recorded using standard protocols. Ages were estimated based on tooth formation stages within an individual. Tooth emergence was recorded as not emerged, emerged beyond the alveolus, or in occlusion. Skeletal epiphyses and apophyses were recorded as fused or unfused. Fisher's exact tests were used to test heterogeneity in each developmental stage. Tooth emergence occurred in the order reported by earlier studies and ages-at-emergence were similar to those of reference standards. Skeletal epiphyses and apophyses also had low degrees of heterogeneity in each age group and fused in the predicted order. Fusion of the presacral vertebrae and upper limb was similar to reference standards, though maturation in the lower limb was delayed. Low heterogeneity may be attributed to the small sample sizes, though genetic conservation in tooth emergence may also be inferred from these results. In addition, skeletal maturation in the vertebral column confirms that some measurements of the neural canal may be used as appropriate measures of stress exposure in the early life environment. Low levels of heterogeneity in skeletal maturation suggests that these elements may be used to estimate age at death, though caution should be expressed when using the lower limb as fusion of these elements may have been delayed by stress events.

这项研究重建了西伯利亚西斯贝加尔湖（约8000至5200 BP）的史前猎人与采集者之间骨骼元素与牙齿形成之间的融合。使用标准协议记录牙齿的形成。根据个体内牙齿形成的阶段估算年龄。牙齿出现被记录为未出现，出现在牙槽外或闭塞。骨骼骨phy和垂体被记录为融合或未融合。Fisher的精确测试用于测试每个发育阶段的异质性。牙齿的出现按照早​​期研究报告的顺序发生，并且出牙年龄与参考标准相似。骨骼骨phy和附生骨在每个年龄组中的异质性程度也较低，并且按预测顺序融合。ac前椎骨和上肢的融合与参考标准相似，尽管下肢的成熟被延迟了。异质性低的原因可能是样本量小，尽管从这些结果也可以推断出牙齿的遗传保守性。另外，椎骨中骨骼的成熟证实了神经管的某些测量可以用作早期生活环境中压力暴露的适当测量。骨骼成熟中异质性水平低表明这些元素可用于估算死亡年龄，尽管在使用下肢时应谨慎，因为压力事件可能会延迟这些元素的融合。异质性低的原因可能是样本量小，尽管从这些结果也可以推断出牙齿的遗传保守性。另外，椎骨中骨骼的成熟证实了神经管的某些测量可以用作早期生活环境中压力暴露的适当测量。骨骼成熟中异质性水平低表明这些元素可用于估算死亡年龄，尽管在使用下肢时应谨慎，因为压力事件可能会延迟这些元素的融合。异质性低的原因可能是样本量小，尽管从这些结果也可以推断出牙齿的遗传保守性。另外，椎骨中骨骼的成熟证实了神经管的某些测量可以用作早期生活环境中压力暴露的适当测量。骨骼成熟中异质性水平低表明这些元素可用于估算死亡年龄，尽管在使用下肢时应谨慎，因为压力事件可能会延迟这些元素的融合。椎骨中骨骼的成熟证实了对神经管的某些测量可用作早期生活环境中压力暴露的适当测量。骨骼成熟中异质性水平低表明这些元素可用于估算死亡年龄，尽管在使用下肢时应谨慎，因为压力事件可能会延迟这些元素的融合。椎骨中骨骼的成熟证实了对神经管的某些测量可用作早期生活环境中压力暴露的适当测量。骨骼成熟中异质性水平低表明这些元素可用于估算死亡年龄，尽管在使用下肢时应谨慎，因为压力事件可能会延迟这些元素的融合。