Most books dealing with immigration in rhetorical studies emphasize relatively contemporary phenomena in the U.S. Such a focus makes sense because rhetoric remains largely a U.S.-centric field, and the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries provide ample material to consider when it comes to immigration rhetoric. Jay Dolmage’s new book, Disabled Upon Arrival: Eugenics, Immigration, and the Construction of Race and Disability is a notable exception on both fronts. Dolmage’s time period is the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and though a little more than half his book emphasizes the U.S., the other half explores Canadian immigration rhetoric. Disabled Upon Arrival is thus a refreshing read that will be of interest to rhetoric scholars of race, disability, immigration, North American history, and more. Dolmage begins his book with a provocative statement: “In North America, immigration has never been about immigration” (1). Acceptance of this claim requires that the reader shares the “to whom” implied in the claim—politicians, policy makers, immigration and other public health officials—as opposed to other possibilities (in other words, immigrants themselves). Nevertheless, Dolmage convincingly affirms what historians of immigration have long shown: North American immigration policies and practices are deeply imbricated with anxieties over race and the health of the national body. Further, Dolmage reveals that the very ideas of race and disability came to be through the processes would-be immigrants experienced upon their arrival at U.S. ports and borders. Disabled Upon Arrival unfolds in four distinct spaces and processes: island, pier, explosion, and archive. Dolmage engages in practices of reading “sideways,” by centering non-normative experiences and challenging normative expectations for research. This approach means that Dolmage supplies a series of metaphorical snapshots from the different sites under investigation that can be read linearly but certainly don’t need to be. He also goes against the grain by relying extensively on visual rhetorical analysis and discussion of visual media like photography, which was integral to immigration exclusions, without showing a single photograph. Instead, Dolmage refuses to reproduce exoticizing imagery in the book (although a digital archive is available on The Ohio State University Press website), inviting readers to disrupt ocularcentrism and giving them a choice about whether to view quite troubling images. Defining rhetoric as “the strategic study of the circulation of power through communication,” chapter one begins perhaps unsurprisingly with Ellis Island (2). Dolmage claims Ellis Island is a “rhetorical space” power travels through and that shapes power. More specifically, Ellis Island is what Foucault called a “heterotopia of deviation,” dividing that which deviates from the norm. Although the island is often heralded in romantic ways in the U.S. imaginary as a historical space of refuge and an entry point to the American Dream, Dolmage reveals that it was “the key laboratory and operating theater for American eugenics” and its legacies are alive and well (11). Throughout the chapter, Dolmage takes readers through the “assembly line” of immigration Rhetoric Review, Vol. 38, No. 3, 366–374, 2019 Copyright © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0735-0198 print / 1532-7981 online DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07350198.2019.1618137

中文翻译：

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抵达后残疾：优生学、移民以及种族和残疾的构建

大多数关于修辞研究中移民的书籍都强调美国相对当代的现象这种关注是有道理的，因为修辞仍然主要以美国为中心，而 20 世纪末和 21 世纪初为移民提供了大量可供考虑的材料修辞。Jay Dolmage 的新书《抵达时残疾：优生学、移民以及种族和残疾的构建》在这两个方面都是一个显着的例外。Dolmage 的时间段是 19 世纪末和 20 世纪初，尽管他的书有一半多一点强调美国，另一半则探讨加拿大的移民言论。因此，《抵达时残疾》是一本令人耳目一新的读物，对种族、残疾、移民、北美历史等领域的修辞学者来说会很感兴趣。Dolmage 以一个挑衅性的声明开始他的书：“在北美，移民从来都不是移民”（1）。接受这一声明要求读者分享声明中隐含的“对谁”——政治家、政策制定者、移民和其他公共卫生官员——而不是其他可能性（换句话说，移民本身）。尽管如此，多尔马奇令人信服地肯定了移民历史学家长期以来所表明的：北美移民政策和做法深深地交织着对种族和国家身体健康的焦虑。此外，多尔玛奇透露，种族和残疾的概念正是通过潜在移民抵达美国港口和边境时所经历的过程产生的。抵达后残疾人在四个不同的空间和过程中展开：岛屿、码头、爆炸，存档。Dolmage 通过以非规范性体验为中心并挑战对研究的规范性期望，从事“横向”阅读的实践。这种方法意味着 Dolmage 提供了一系列来自被调查的不同站点的隐喻快照，可以线性读取，但肯定不需要。他还违反了常规，广泛依赖视觉修辞分析和对摄影等视觉媒体的讨论，摄影是移民排除中不可或缺的一部分，但没有展示一张照片。相反，Dolmage 拒绝在书中重现异国情调的图像（尽管俄亥俄州立大学出版社网站上提供了数字档案），邀请读者打破眼球中心主义，并让他们选择是否查看令人不安的图像。将修辞定义为“通过传播进行权力流通的战略研究”，第一章以埃利斯岛 (2) 开头也许并不令人意外。Dolmage 声称埃利斯岛是一个“修辞空间”，权力通过并塑造权力。更具体地说，埃利斯岛就是福柯所说的“偏离的异托邦”，将偏离规范的东西分开。尽管该岛在美国想象中经常以浪漫的方式被视为历史避难所和美国梦的切入点，但多尔马奇透露，它是“美国优生学的关键实验室和手术室”，其遗产仍然存在好（11）。在整章中，多尔玛奇带领读者穿越《移民修辞评论》卷的“流水线”。38, No. 3, 366–374, 2019 版权所有 © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group,