A much-circulated trope amongst post-Revolutionary refugees from Bolshevik Russia stated that upon emigration, ‘Russia’ became reconstituted ‘outside Russia’. This narrative became central to how subsequent émigrés imagined their journeys abroad, simultaneously asserting historical continuity with other ‘waves’ of Russian emigration and defining their own migration trajectory in opposition to them. This research, based on contemporary ethnographic interviews and archival sources across Moscow, Paris, Berlin, and New York examines how tropes of a spiritual connection to Russia made popular by first-wave émigrés continue to circulate amongst present-day Russian intellectuals. Simultaneously, beginning in the early 2000s, Russian state officials began to promote an irredentist, nationalist discourse. This paper argues that at least part of this ideology is derived from first-wave émigré discourses, showing that Russian state strategists have increasingly come to rely on a fragile and internally-contested set of diasporic narratives for Russia’s own self-definition.

中文翻译：

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“和我一起，我的俄罗斯/我带着旅行包”：俄罗斯流亡和移民、过去和现在的文学和民族志叙事

在来自布尔什维克俄罗斯的革命后难民中流传甚广的比喻说，移民后，“俄罗斯”在“俄罗斯之外”重组。这种叙述成为后来的移民如何想象他们出国旅行的核心，同时与其他俄罗斯移民“浪潮”断言历史连续性，并定义自己的移民轨迹以反对他们。这项研究基于当代人种学访谈和莫斯科、巴黎、柏林和纽约的档案资料，考察了第一波流亡者所流行的与俄罗斯的精神联系的比喻如何继续在当今的俄罗斯知识分子中流传。同时，从 2000 年代初开始，俄罗斯国家官员开始宣扬民族主义、民族主义的言论。