The ‘political' vs. ‘criminal’ divide is a familiar one to readers well-versed in Russian penality. Beginning in nineteenth-century texts by eminent writers such as Anton Chekhov and Fyodor Dostoevsky, this dichotomy continued in places of incarceration after the revolutionary events of 1917. In particular it could be seen through prisoner newspapers, one of the cultural-educational initiatives launched by the new regime in an attempt to re-educate its incarcerated population. This article examines a number of prisoner publications from the Secret Police Camps of the 1920s in order to highlight shifting penal hierarchies and the persistence of the political/criminal binary in the early years of the Soviet state.

中文翻译：

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美国和他们：早期古拉格出版社的犯罪和囚犯等级制度，1923-1930

“政治”与“犯罪”的区别对于精通俄罗斯刑罚的读者来说是熟悉的。从安东·契诃夫和费奥多尔·陀思妥耶夫斯基等著名作家的 19 世纪文本开始，这种二分法在 1917 年革命事件后在监禁场所继续存在。新政权试图对其被监禁的人口进行再教育。本文研究了 1920 年代秘密警察营地的一些囚犯出版物，以突出苏联国家早期不断变化的刑罚等级和政治/犯罪二元论的持续存在。