Abstract This article reviews four books on hunters and gatherers. It begins with a discussion of the debates over the concept of hunter-gatherers. Theoretical approaches to hunter-gather studies are examined briefly. The view then assesses the four books and the various subjects which they address. These subjects include the issue of ethnographic analogy, diversity, evolution, and archaeological perspectives as well as understanding contemporary hunter-gatherer societies. Additional topics include land use, the assignment of meaning to landscapes, way finding, territoriality, boundary-marking, and networks. Social learning, teaching, and information dissemination are discussed, with emphasis on some of the things that are learned, such as sharing, fair treatment of others, the importance of compassion, and moral values. Hunter-gatherer studies have evolved to the point where both archaeologists and anthropologists are taking into careful consideration the need to consider both past and present in their investigations and to focus also on the non-hunter-gatherer societies with whom they are interacting. As people who defined themselves as indigenous, hunter-gatherers are well aware of the social, economic, environmental and political challenges that they are facing, and they are seeking to address these challenges along with support organizations and researchers in an attempt to ensure their long-term security and well-being.

中文翻译：

---

过去和现在的猎人和采集者：关于多样性，教学和信息传播的观点

摘要本文回顾了有关猎人和采集者的四本书。首先讨论有关狩猎采集者概念的辩论。简要研究了猎人-收集研究的理论方法。然后，视图将评估四本书以及它们要解决的各个主题。这些主题包括人种学类比，多样性，进化和考古学观点以及对当代猎人-采集者社会的了解。其他主题包括土地使用，对景观的意义分配，寻路，地域性，边界标记和网络。讨论了社会学习，教学和信息传播，重点是学习到的一些东西，例如分享，对他人的公平对待，同情的重要性和道德价值观。猎人-采集器研究已经发展到了这样一个程度，考古学家和人类学家都在认真考虑需要在研究中同时考虑过去和现在，并关注与之互动的非猎人-采集器社会。作为自称土著的人们，狩猎采集者非常了解他们所面临的社会，经济，环境和政治挑战，他们正在寻求与支持组织和研究人员一起应对这些挑战的企图，以确保他们的长期生存。长期的安全与福祉。