Abstract The landscape concept plays a growing role in anthropology and archeology, especially for discussions of “heritage landscapes.” Landscape has long been a central theme in geography, but with democratized Geographic Information Systems (GIS), that theoretical legacy can be overlooked. Critical theory based on international examples shows that heritage landscape designation is socio-politically charged, with indigenous voices often drowned out by those of experts representing governments, international agencies, and industry. Study of North American archeological bison-kill sites as landscapes long predates “formally named landscape archeology”, but their protection and interpretation remain challenging. Involvement of indigenous people in heritage landscape preservation is inadequate and must be strengthened.

中文翻译：

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比较/对比，竞争/解释，遗失/获胜的遗产景观

摘要景观概念在人类学和考古学中发挥着越来越重要的作用，尤其是在讨论“遗产景观”时。长期以来，景观一直是地理学的中心主题，但是随着民主化的地理信息系统（GIS）的出现，理论上的遗迹可以忽略不计。基于国际实例的批判理论表明，遗产景观的命名具有社会政治意义，土著人的声音经常被代表政府，国际机构和工业界的专家所淹没。对北美考古野牛杀死遗址的研究很早就已经“正式命名为景观考古学”，但其保护和解释仍然具有挑战性。土著人民对遗产景观保护的参与不足，必须予以加强。