Abstract In the late nineteenth century, the city of Melbourne, Australia, experienced unusually high tuberculosis mortality. Dr. William Thomson, whose statistical methods uncovered the epidemiological trend, argued that at least one in three of the adult population of Melbourne between the ages of twenty and forty-five died of tuberculosis. While Thomson’s research challenged existing epistemologies of medicine, advocating sanitary rather than climatological aetiology, he was ultimately incapable of identifying the major factors in the spread of tuberculosis. Drawing on recent public health scholarship, which suggests a firm link between land use change and emerging infectious diseases, this paper examines the role of cultural, political, economic, and ecological activities of nineteenth-century Melbournians in constructing a niche suited to the success of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Using epidemiological techniques, GIS, and historical records, this paper analyzes the city’s ability to handle waste, stagnant water, and other vectors of disease, and considers how manipulations of the landscape to accommodate the growing city’s sanitary and commercial needs exacerbated transmissibility of tuberculosis. It concludes that the imported characteristics of the British colonial city fostered land use change uniquely suited to the perpetuation of one of the most prolific diseases of the modern era.

中文翻译：

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结核景观：1837-1900 年澳大利亚墨尔本的土地利用变化和分枝杆菌

摘要 19 世纪后期，澳大利亚墨尔本市经历了异常高的结核病死亡率。威廉汤姆森博士的统计方法揭示了流行病学趋势，他认为墨尔本 20 至 45 岁之间的成年人口中至少有三分之一死于肺结核。虽然汤姆森的研究挑战了现有的医学认识论，提倡卫生而不是气候病因学，但他最终无法确定结核病传播的主要因素。借鉴最近的公共卫生奖学金，这表明土地利用变化与新发传染病之间存在紧密联系，本文探讨了文化、政治、经济、19 世纪墨尔本人在构建适合结核分枝杆菌成功的生态位方面的生态活动。本文使用流行病学技术、GIS 和历史记录，分析了城市处理废物、死水和其他疾病载体的能力，并考虑了为适应城市不断增长的卫生和商业需求而对景观进行的操纵如何加剧了结核病的传播。它得出的结论是，英国殖民城市的外来特征促进了土地利用变化，特别适合现代时代最多产的疾病之一的延续。并考虑为适应不断增长的城市卫生和商业需求而对景观进行的操纵如何加剧了结核病的传播。它得出的结论是，英国殖民城市的外来特征促进了土地利用变化，特别适合现代时代最多产的疾病之一的延续。并考虑为适应不断增长的城市卫生和商业需求而对景观进行的操纵如何加剧了结核病的传播。它得出的结论是，英国殖民城市的外来特征促进了土地利用变化，特别适合现代时代最多产的疾病之一的延续。