ABSTRACT While Mexico is widely considered as an example of consolidated statehood, the deepening of drug-related violence and insecurity has corroborated the existence and expansion of ‘dark spaces’ governed by coalitions of state and non-state actors driven by criminal and political interests. In contrast to the prevailing interpretations and public narratives, I will argue that it is historically and conceptually flawed to understand such expressions of limited statehood solely in terms of the proliferation of criminal organisations and the exacerbation of the so-called war on drugs only. Instead, I will examine the historical patterns in Mexican state-making, in which actors and practices of political ordering outside the state properly speaking exercise multiple forms of de facto sovereignty and governance. These arrangements, including caciquismo, accommodate distinct crime-governance manifestations. The article substantiates its claims by looking at the examples from different periods and regions such as Sinaloa, Sonora and Michoacán.

中文翻译：

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毒品贩运，非正式秩序和风俗习惯。关于墨西哥犯罪与治理关系的思考

摘要虽然墨西哥被广泛认为是巩固国家地位的一个例子，但与毒品有关的暴力和不安全状况的加深确证了由犯罪和政治利益驱动的国家和非国家行为者联盟控制的“黑暗空间”的存在和扩展。与流行的解释和公共叙述相反，我将辩称，仅从犯罪组织的扩散和所谓的毒品战争的加剧来看，理解这种有限国家地位的表述在历史和概念上都是有缺陷的。取而代之的是，我将考察墨西哥国家建立的历史模式，在这种历史模式中，在国家以外进行政治秩序的行为者和实践会恰当地行使多种形式的事实上的主权和治理。这些安排 包括caquiquismo，可以容纳不同的犯罪治理表现形式。本文通过考察不同时期和地区（例如锡那罗亚州，索诺拉州和米却肯州）的实例来证实其主张。