ABSTRACT

The relationship between gender, working conditions, occupational gender composition and wages is investigated to test the support for the mother-friendly job hypothesis in the family-friendly welfare state of Sweden. The Swedish level-of-living survey (LNU2010) is used to measure two dimensions of working conditions: flexibility and time-consuming work. The findings do not support the notion that women’s work is more family-friendly as neither women in general nor mothers have more flexibility than men. Furthermore, femaledominated occupations have, in comparison with other occupations, less flexible work arrangements. Instead, gender-integrated occupations have the most flexible work arrangement. Time-consuming work is also most common in gender integrated occupations. Flexibility and timeconsuming work largely go hand in hand and are both positively associated with wages and also more common in the service class. Finally, women are not economically compensated for their job characteristics in the same extent as men, especially not for their time-consuming work which partially account for the gender wage gap. Taken together the findings counters the notion that the remaining gender wage gap largely is due to women avoiding time consuming work or choosing flexibility. Instead it seems like women are compensated less regardless of their job characteristics.

摘要

调查了性别，工作条件，职业性别构成和工资之间的关系，以测试瑞典家庭友好型福利州对母亲友好型工作假设的支持。瑞典生活水平调查（LNU2010）用于衡量工作条件的两个方面：灵活性和耗时的工作。这些发现并不支持这样的观念，即妇女的工作对家庭更加友好，因为无论是普通妇女还是母亲，都没有比男人更有弹性。此外，与其他职业相比，女性主导的职业的工作安排较不灵活。相反，将性别融合的职业安排得最灵活。在性别综合职业中，耗时的工作也是最常见的。灵活性和耗时的工作在很大程度上相辅相成，既与工资成正比，在服务阶层中也更为普遍。最后，妇女在经济上不能获得与男子相同的经济补偿，特别是不能因为她们的耗时工作而在某种程度上弥补了性别工资差距。综上所述，这些发现与以下观点相反：剩余的性别工资差距主要是由于妇女避免了费时的工作或选择灵活性。取而代之的是，无论妇女的工作特点如何，她们的报酬似乎都较少。尤其是不是因为他们的耗时的工作，部分原因是性别工资差距。综上所述，这些发现与以下观点相反：剩余的性别工资差距主要是由于妇女避免了费时的工作或选择灵活性。取而代之的是，无论妇女的工作特点如何，她们的报酬似乎都较少。尤其是不是因为他们的耗时的工作，部分原因是性别工资差距。综上所述，这些发现与以下观点相反：剩余的性别工资差距主要是由于妇女避免了费时的工作或选择灵活性。取而代之的是，无论妇女的工作特点如何，她们的报酬似乎都较少。