ABSTRACT An examination of the material culture of building with earth in Ireland suggests an old and widespread cultural practice that continued well into the twentieth century. Ethnography indicates a highly developed understanding of natural materials and ecologies, considerable practical knowledge, significant technical skill in the rich variety of the types of earth used, a wealth of construction techniques, and a precise, extensive terminology in two languages. Despite its past importance and viability in building, earth is predominantly a devalued and forgotten construction material in Ireland today. Identity is aligned with building in stone, the whitewashed single-storey thatch-roof dwelling house providing the most striking example. This paper explores the use of earth in roof making, and aims to rehabilitate awareness in relation to earth-building practices in Ireland. These include roofing with earth-sod parings, turf and sod walling, the employment of tempered clay in walling, and the use of earth in flooring.

中文翻译：

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Croiceann cruaidhféarmhara talaimh：地球皮肤的物质文化–以爱尔兰的草皮屋顶为例

摘要对爱尔兰建筑用地的物质文化的考察表明，一种古老而广泛的文化实践一直持续到20世纪。人种学表明，他们对天然材料和生态学有了高度的了解，掌握了丰富的实践知识，掌握了多种多样的所用地球类型，并且掌握了丰富的建筑技术，并且用两种语言编写了精确而广泛的术语。尽管过去在建筑中具有重要意义和可行性，但在当今的爱尔兰，地球仍是贬值和遗忘的建筑材料。身份与石头建筑相呼应，粉刷的单层茅草屋顶住宅提供了最引人注目的例子。本文探讨了地球在屋顶制造中的用途，旨在恢复对爱尔兰土建实践的认识。这些措施包括用土皮，屋顶和草皮覆盖的屋顶，在墙壁中使用回火粘土以及在地板中使用泥土。