This clearly written and well-presented book elaborates the harrowing complexities of the Second World War. The editors’ introduction establishes the analytical framework developed in the individual essays. There are three main points. First, globality: World War Two was a war in which combatants had to connect transnationally in order to secure essential resources, creating communities of alliance and enmity as they did so. Second, it was a totalizing war: never actually ‘total’, its trajectory was to draw everyone and everything into its prosecution, and winning was about smashing entire populations into submission to make their political and military leaders surrender. Third, society, economy and culture were not ‘impacted on’ by war, but were central to it. As the editors say of the American image of ‘Rosie the Riveter’, the woman war worker, ‘It diminishes her role not to think of her as a force in war’ (p. 7), referring not only to the social change involved in her wartime employment, and the economic necessity of her labour for war, but also the global circulation of her iconic image, representing the mobilization of whole societies. The volume, over 800 pages long, is organized in four parts, each composed of essays by leading scholars who have been invited to take a comparative, or transnational, approach. Thus, most of the essays are grounded not only in the authors’ own research, but also in historiographies relating to nations and contexts with which they do not usually deal. This works well, although occasionally the reader’s familiarity with one such context may prompt a prick of surprise that a particular author has not been cited, or example given. The pay-off in terms of coverage and insights, however, is worth that small price. Part 1, on political economy, is based on the idea that World War Two was a watershed in national and international economic development because of its industrial nature and greedy dependence, in competition with other combatants, on resources of materials and people outwith national borders. Chapters address finance, food, industrial resources, transport, scientific knowledge, and the environment. Lizzie Collingham’s essay on food demonstrates that control of food resources beyond national boundaries was as crucial for the war effort as control of resources of coal, iron and oil. With market mechanisms, mostly suspended, it was secured by violent means, including blockade and the targeted deployment of starvation, as in the 1941 Siege of Leningrad, in which one million died. Armies were fed at the expense of civilians, and domestic populations at that of colonial people, who suffered famine as a result. These strategies were not the prerogative of the Axis powers, as the inadequate British response

中文翻译：

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剑桥二战史，卷。三、全面战争：经济、社会与文化

这本书写清晰、内容丰富的书详细阐述了第二次世界大战的悲惨复杂性。编辑的介绍建立了在个别文章中发展的分析框架。主要有三点。首先，全球性：第二次世界大战是一场战争，在这场战争中，战斗人员必须跨国联系以确保必要的资源，并在这样做时创建联盟和敌对社区。其次，这是一场全面战争：从来都不是真正的“全面”战争，它的轨迹是将所有人和所有事物都卷入其起诉中，而获胜则是让全体人民屈服，让他们的政治和军事领导人投降。第三，社会、经济和文化并未受到战争的“影响”，而是战争的核心。正如编辑们所说的“铆工罗西”的美国形象，女战争工作者，“不将她视为战争中的力量会削弱她的作用”（第 7 页），不仅指她战时就业所涉及的社会变革，以及她为战争劳动的经济必要性，还指全球流通她的标志性形象代表了整个社会的动员。本书长达 800 页，分为四部分，每部分都由受邀采用比较或跨国方法的著名学者的论文组成。因此，大多数文章不仅基于作者自己的研究，而且基于与他们通常不涉及的国家和背景相关的历史编纂。这很有效，尽管有时读者对此类上下文的熟悉程度可能会让人感到惊讶，因为没有引用特定作者或没有给出示例。然而，在覆盖面和洞察力方面的回报是值得的。第 1 部分关于政治经济学，基于这样一种观点，即第二次世界大战是国家和国际经济发展的分水岭，因为它的工业性质和贪婪的依赖，与其他战斗人员的竞争，对物质资源和人员资源的超越国界。章节涉及金融、食品、工业资源、运输、科学知识和环境。莉齐·科林厄姆 (Lizzie Collingham) 的关于食物的文章表明，对跨越国界的食物资源的控制与控制煤炭、铁和石油资源对于战争努力一样重要。由于市场机制大多被暂停，它通过暴力手段获得保障，包括封锁和有针对性的饥饿部署，如 1941 年的列宁格勒围城战，其中一百万人死亡。军队以牺牲平民为代价，而以殖民地人民为代价的国内人口则因此遭受饥荒。这些策略不是轴心国的特权，因为英国的反应不足