Militant nonconformists were prepared to go to the extreme of breaking the law in expressing their opposition to the highly controversial Balfour Education Act of 1902, which was seen as privileging the Church of England at their expense. This was even the case in Hampshire, where the bitterness associated with the legislation was not as great as elsewhere. Known as passive resistance, law breaking involved a refusal to pay a portion of the rates which it was estimated would be used to fund Church of England schools and what was deemed to be a sectarian mode of religious instruction. In exploring the motivations of the law breakers, what emerges is a potent mix of politico-religious arguments that touch on the heritage, prestige and doctrinal underpinning of Nonconformity. Above all, the law breakers were demonstrating solidarity with their predecessors who had fought long and hard for the civil and religious liberty which they continued to cherish.

中文翻译：

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汉普郡的违法行为表达了对 1902 年教育法的不墨守成规的反对

好战的不墨守成规的人准备走极端，违反法律，表达他们对 1902 年极具争议的贝尔福教育法案的反对，该法案被视为以牺牲他们为代价使英格兰教会享有特权。甚至在汉普郡也是如此，在那里与立法相关的痛苦不像其他地方那么严重。被称为被动抵抗的违法行为包括拒绝支付据估计将用于资助英格兰教会学校和被认为是宗教教学的宗派模式的一部分费用。在探索违法者的动机时，出现的是政治宗教论点的有力组合，这些论点涉及不符合的传统、声望和教义基础。首先，