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The Arboreal Foundations of Stewardship in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Silmarillion
English Studies in Africa ( IF 0.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-07-03 , DOI: 10.1080/00138398.2017.1406735
Martin Simonson

In The Silmarillion, J.R.R. Tolkien, writing in a period before concepts such as ecology or ecocriticism entered social and academic vocabulary, expresses a stance that champions responsible stewardship as key to a fruitful mode of being in the world. The present article centres specifically on how Tolkien's portrayal of trees act as a mythical presence that combines and enhances natural and spiritual elements to define an interaction between human(oid) beings and nature which is not only contingent on the particular needs of Elves and Men, but also premised upon the preservation of the beauty and wonder of the natural world. Symbolically, the destruction of the Two Trees of Valinor sets a mythical precedent and transfers stewardship of Arda from the divine Valar to the Children of Ilúvatar (Elves and Men). I shall argue that the tenets of this stewardship, derived from a combination of spirit and matter connected to the Two Trees, are at the very core of the moral struggle in Middle-earth, because as dwellers in this world, the relationship of Men and Elves with creation – made up of matter and spirit both – will determine their fate. As The Silmarillion prefigures many of Tolkien's later literary works, the expression of stewardship in this work is important for our understanding not only of the moral disposition of Elves and Men, and of the stories of their misfortunes and triumphs that occupy the central stage in Tolkien's legendarium, but also of the role of trees in Tolkien's entire ouvre.

中文翻译:

JRR 托尔金的《精灵宝钻》中的树栖管理基础

在《精灵宝钻》中,JRR Tolkien 在生态学或生态批评等概念进入社会和学术词汇之前的时期写作,表达了一种立场,即支持负责任的管理是富有成效的生存方式的关键。本文特别关注托尔金对树木的描绘如何充当神话般的存在,结合并增强了自然和精神元素,以定义人类(异形)生物与自然之间的互动,这不仅取决于精灵和人类的特殊需求,但也以保护自然世界的美丽和奇观为前提。象征性地,维林诺两棵树的毁灭开创了一个神话般的先例,并将阿尔达的管理权从神圣维拉转移到了伊露维塔之子(精灵和人类)。我将论证,这种管理原则源自与两棵树相关的精神和物质的结合,是中土道德斗争的核心,因为作为这个世界的居民,人和有创造物的精灵——由物质和精神组成——将决定他们的命运。由于《精灵宝钻》预示了托尔金后期的许多文学作品,因此这部作品中对管理的表达对于我们理解精灵和人类的道德倾向以及占据托尔金小说中心舞台的他们的不幸和胜利的故事很重要。传说,但也有树木在托尔金的整个作品中的作用。是中土道德斗争的核心,因为作为这个世界的居民,人类和精灵与创造物的关系——由物质和精神组成——将决定他们的命运。由于《精灵宝钻》预示了托尔金后期的许多文学作品,因此这部作品中对管理的表达对于我们理解精灵和人类的道德倾向以及占据托尔金小说中心舞台的他们的不幸和胜利的故事很重要。传说,但也是树木在托尔金整个作品中的作用。是中土道德斗争的核心,因为作为这个世界的居民,人类和精灵与创造物的关系——由物质和精神组成——将决定他们的命运。由于《精灵宝钻》预示了托尔金后期的许多文学作品,因此这部作品中对管理的表达对于我们理解精灵和人类的道德倾向以及占据托尔金小说中心舞台的他们的不幸和胜利的故事很重要。传说,但也有树木在托尔金的整个作品中的作用。
更新日期:2017-07-03
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