ABSTRACT Previous research suggests that as societies empower women educationally, gender differences in numeracy skills will decline. Using direct measures of 56,142 adults’ numeracy skills from the Programme for International Assessment for Adult Competencies (PIAAC), this article studies whether this claim is evidenced across 20 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Results show that in many countries, as education has equalised over generations, gender differences in adult numeracy skills have indeed declined. However, women’s advances in education have not always been matched by a reduction in the gender difference in adult numeracy. Contrary to expectations, gender differences in fields of study in further and higher education cannot systematically explain gender differences in adult numeracy. This suggests that to achieve gender equality in numeracy skills, societies must do more than empower women educationally. More research is needed on the educational policies, contextual, and life course factors contributing to gender differences in adult numeracy in post-industrial societies.

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成人计算能力方面的性别差异：教育的作用是什么？

摘要先前的研究表明，随着社会在教育上赋予妇女权力，算术技能中的性别差异将会减少。本文使用国际成人能力评估计划（PIAAC）中对56142名成年人的计算能力的直接测量，研究了是否在20个经济合作与发展组织（OECD）国家中证明了这一主张。结果表明，在许多国家中，随着几代人的平等教育，成人计算能力方面的性别差异确实有所减少。但是，妇女教育水平的提高并不总是与成年人算术中性别差异的减少相匹配的。与期望相反，继续教育和高等教育研究领域的性别差异无法系统地解释成人计算能力方面的性别差异。这表明，要实现算术技能中的性别平等，社会必须做的不仅仅是赋予妇女教育能力。需要对导致后工业社会成年人计算能力性别差异的教育政策，背景和生活过程因素进行更多研究。