ABSTRACT This article reviews Rosenthal and Jacobson’s (1968) seminal study, Pygmalion in the Classroom (PC). We consider what preceded PC, the actual study, immediate criticisms of it, Rosenthal’s reactions to the criticism, and, importantly, the research that followed PC from 1968 to roughly 1990. Despite critical criticisms of it, we conclude that PC had a tremendous impact because it stimulated researchers to study expectation effects in the classroom that established that some teachers do form and communicate differential expectations to their students and that some students internalise these expectations in ways that manifest in their actual performance. The research that followed PC has yielded rich concepts and findings that are relevant for theory, practice, and social policy.

中文翻译：

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预期效果：皮格马利翁和最初的20年研究

摘要本文回顾了罗森塔尔和雅各布森（1968）的开创性研究《教室里的皮格马利翁》（PC）。我们考虑一下PC之前的情况，实际研究，对它的立即批评，Rosenthal对批评的反应，以及重要的是，对PC于1968年至1990年左右进行的研究。尽管有批评，但我们得出的结论是PC产生了巨大的影响因为它激发了研究人员在课堂上研究期望效果，从而确定了一些老师确实在向学生形成并传达了不同的期望，并且某些学生以表现其实际表现的方式将这些期望内在化。PC之后的研究产生了与理论，实践和社会政策相关的丰富概念和发现。