ABSTRACT The demands on mathematical problem-solving have increased in almost all school systems internationally and may constitute a barrier for children with special educational needs (SEN). This study explored the role of fluid reasoning (FR), working memory (WM) and complex executive function of planning (EF) in children (N = 62) referred for assessment of SEN, and specifically of risk for mathematical difficulties (MD). Performances on FR, WM and complex EF of planning were used to predict risk for MD. Results showed that planning ability predicted children at risk for MD, beyond FR or WM ability, when comparing with children not at risk for MD. It was concluded that assessing the complex EF of planning in addition to FR and WM ability is crucial in identifying children at risk for MD. The importance of understanding how planning ability affects children’s mathematical problem-solving is discussed, in relation to assessment and teaching practices.

中文翻译：

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流体推理、工作记忆和规划能力评估数学困难的风险

摘要 国际上几乎所有学校系统对解决数学问题的需求都在增加，这可能对有特殊教育需求 (SEN) 的儿童构成障碍。本研究探讨了流体推理 (FR)、工作记忆 (WM) 和复杂的计划执行功能 (EF) 在儿童 (N = 62) 中的作用，用于评估 SEN，特别是数学困难 (MD) 的风险。计划的 FR、WM 和复杂 EF 的表现被用来预测 MD 的风险。结果表明，与没有患 MD 风险的儿童相比，计划能力预测了有患 MD 风险的儿童，超出了 FR 或 WM 能力。得出的结论是，除了 FR 和 WM 能力之外，评估计划的复杂 EF 对于识别有患 MD 风险的儿童至关重要。