ABSTRACT

The indirect effect of perceived test importance on test performance via examinee effort is often modeled using importance and effort scores measured after test completion, which does not align with their theoretical temporal ordering. These retrospectively measured scores may be influenced by examinees’ test performance. To investigate the impact of timing of measurement, college students were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions: (a) importance and effort were measured retrospectively, (b) importance and effort were measured retrospectively and importance was measured prospectively, and (c) importance and effort were measured retrospectively and prospectively. The unstandardized indirect effect was invariant across conditions when modeling prospective and retrospective scores. Priming examinees via prospectively measuring importance and effort did not affect the interrelations among performance and retrospective importance and effort (i.e., invariant indirect effect). Priming did lead to higher average test performance. Thus, priming may provide a cheap intervention for increasing test performance.

摘要

在测试中的表现通过考生努力的感知测试重要性的间接效果是用测量的重要性和精力分数往往建模后测试完成，这与他们的理论时间顺序不符。这些回顾性测得的分数可能受考生考试成绩的影响。为了调查测量时间的影响，将大学生随机分配到以下三个条件之一：（a）回顾性地评估重要性和努力，（b）回顾性地评估重要性和努力，并且对未来性进行重要性评估，以及（c）回顾性和前瞻性地评估重要性和努力。在对前瞻性和回顾性得分建模时，非标准化的间接影响在各种情况下都是不变的。通过前瞻性地评估重要性和努力来预备考生并不会影响绩效与回顾性重要性和努力之间的相互关系（即不变的间接影响）。灌注确实导致更高的平均测试性能。因此，灌注可以为增加测试性能提供廉价的干预。