ABSTRACT Comparing group is one of the key uses of large-scale assessment results, which are used to gain insights to inform policy and practice and to examine the comparability of scores and score meaning. Such comparisons typically focus on examinees’ final answers and responses to test questions, ignoring response process differences groups may engage in. This paper discusses and demonstrates the use of response process data in enhancing group comparison and fairness research methodologies. We propose two statistical approaches for identifying differential response processes which extend the differential item functioning (DIF) detection methods and demonstrate the complementary use of process data in comparing groups in two case studies Our findings demonstrate the use of response process data in gaining insights about students’ test-taking behaviors from different populations that go beyond what may be identified using response data only.

中文翻译：

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使用响应过程数据通知组比较和公平性研究

摘要比较组是大规模评估结果的关键用途之一，可用于获得洞察力，以为政策和实践提供信息，并检查分数和分数含义的可比性。这种比较通常侧重于考生对测试题的最终答案和回答，而忽略了小组可能参与的回答过程差异。本文讨论并演示了回答过程数据在增强小组比较和公平性研究方法方面的用途。