PRESENT-DAY ESTONIA WAS INCORPORATED into the Christian world in the early 13th century. This event brought dramatic changes to both its society and landscape, including the establishment of the first towns that soon played an important role in the emerging Hanseatic network, mediating trade between the West and East. These political and cultural changes are also reflected in the influences that reached Estonian towns, with the migration of craftspeople from German-speaking areas and Scandinavia; in particular, these innovations occurred in non-ferrous casting technology. The most important changes included the introduction of refractory crucibles, massive melting furnaces and more complex stone-casting moulds. Residue analysis showed evidence of highly specialised metalworking taking place. The large sample size revealed some unusual alloys, which are explained either by craftspeople's experimentation or by the reuse of scrap metal. By looking at the different crucible types and mould fragments, we are able to demonstrate how the mobile craftspeople were the carriers of both casting tools and knowledge inside the Hanseatic world.

中文翻译：

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城市铸造工具作为 13 至 17 世纪爱沙尼亚跨波罗的海技术转移的证据

现今的爱沙尼亚在 13 世纪初并入基督教世界。这一事件为其社会和景观带来了巨大的变化，包括建立了第一批城镇，这些城镇很快在新兴的汉萨网络中发挥了重要作用，调解了东西方之间的贸易。这些政治和文化变化也反映在影响爱沙尼亚城镇的地方，即来自德语区和斯堪的纳维亚的手工艺人的迁移；特别是，这些创新发生在有色金属铸造技术中。最重要的变化包括引入耐火坩埚、大型熔炉和更复杂的铸石模具。残留物分析表明存在高度专业化的金属加工。大样本量揭示了一些不寻常的合金，这可以通过工匠的实验或废金属的再利用来解释。通过观察不同的坩埚类型和模具碎片，我们能够展示流动工匠如何成为汉萨世界内铸造工具和知识的载体。