ABSTRACT

Indigenous women have fulfilled a fundamental role in the Zapatista movement. This article focuses on the ways in which the making of handicrafts makes possible for them to connect with people around the world through the ideals of their struggle, making those ideas their own. I reflect on a particular set of objects: those engraved with the image of a woman with her face behind a ski mask (el pasamontañas) and braided hair over her shoulders: the Zapatista doll (la muñequita zapatista). This image (whether it is printed, embroidered or drawn on various surfaces) condenses the struggles of indigenous women in the movement, allowing for women all over the world to identify with them (despite differences in age, race, and occupational background) as an echo of their own daily struggles in a feminist code (both politically and in daily life contexts). As a result, the Zapatista doll embraces different social meanings that constitute an ideal of ‘self-worthy and rebellious woman’ (la mujer digna y rebelde) that becomes a common symbol for both the artisans and the women in their struggle against machismo culture. This ideal image allows for dialogue in the different settings in which women develop their day-to-day strategies of resistance and resilience. By manufacturing or wearing the objects, women are able to unify their struggle for autonomy and share a message of mutual encouragement beyond borders.

摘要

土著妇女在Zapatista运动中起着基本作用。本文重点介绍手工艺品的制作方法，使他们能够通过自己的奋斗理想与世界各地的人们建立联系，使自己的想法成为现实。我回想着一组特殊的物体：那些刻有一个女人的肖像的女人，她的脸庞背后戴着滑雪面具（elpasamontañas），辫子缠在她的肩膀上：Zapatista娃娃（lamuñequitazapatista）。该图像（无论是印刷，绣制还是在各种表面上绘制）都凝聚了运动中土著妇女的挣扎，使全世界的妇女都可以将她们认同（尽管年龄，种族和职业背景有所差异）他们在女权主义规范中的日常斗争的呼应（在政治上和日常生活中）。因此，Zapatista娃娃具有不同的社会意义，构成了“自强不息的女人”（la mujer digna y rebelde）的理想，成为工匠和妇女与大男子主义文化作斗争的共同象征。这种理想的形象允许在不同的环境中进行对话，在这些环境中，妇女可以制定自己的日常抵抗和复原策略。通过制造或佩戴这些物品，妇女能够统一自己的自治斗争，并分享超越国界的相互鼓励的信息。这种理想的形象允许在不同的环境中进行对话，在这些环境中，妇女可以制定自己的日常抵抗和复原策略。通过制造或佩戴这些物品，妇女能够统一自己的自治斗争，并分享超越国界的相互鼓励的信息。这种理想的形象允许在不同的环境中进行对话，在这些环境中，妇女可以制定自己的日常抵抗和复原策略。通过制造或佩戴这些物品，妇女能够统一自己的自治斗争，并分享超越国界的相互鼓励的信息。