Abstract This article posits designing with Fourth Nature as an alternative to dominant modes of practice in restoration ecology, heritage management and landscape architecture. We explore the contours of resistance in these fields to Fourth Nature landscapes, questioning how we might move past static and pure ideals while remaining in dialogue with the rich history of garden and landscape design. We explore why recent developments in the ecological sciences have not been more widely adopted in landscape architecture practices in the United States. Our approach questions long-held perceptions of appropriate plant assemblages and presents alternatives for managing eco-systems at historically layered landscapes where restoration of the historical reference is not practical or possible. We call for extending understandings of Fourth Nature into a framework for designed landscapes that goes beyond wildlands and spontaneous plants. This approach translates ecological values into a design language that is dynamic and process-oriented.

中文翻译：

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第四自然设计

摘要 本文将第四自然设计作为修复生态学、遗产管理和景观建筑领域主要实践模式的替代方案。我们探索了这些领域对第四自然景观的抵抗轮廓，质疑我们如何超越静态和纯粹的理想，同时与丰富的园林和景观设计历史保持对话。我们探讨了为什么生态科学的最新发展没有在美国的景观设计实践中得到更广泛的采用。我们的方法质疑长期以来对适当植物组合的看法，并提出了在历史分层景观中管理生态系统的替代方案，在这些景观中恢复历史参考是不切实际或不可能的。我们呼吁将对第四自然的理解扩展到超越荒地和自然植物的设计景观框架中。这种方法将生态价值转化为一种动态的、面向过程的设计语言。