ABSTRACT

Franco-Moroccan writer Driss Chraïbi (1926–2007) evolved from antipathy to Islam in his early works to a novel about the Prophet Muhammad (1995). In this work, he fused the dawning of Islam with emergence from the earth mother's womb, conflating the Arabic root for mercy in the Quran with the word for maternal womb. The origin of theories of the Earth Mother was in the nineteenth century, and they were embraced by feminists from the 1960s. In Morocco, a statue of the female Supreme Creator was discovered in a pre-Islamic tomb of a noble woman, and Algerian feminist Assia Djebar adopted her as a symbol of matriarchal rule. Although Chraïbi may have been exposed to some of these ideas, his personal paths to Mother Earth appear to have emanated more from his own experience. Born at the mouth of the Oum-er-Bia [Spring Mother] river, his roots were among the Berbers/Imazighen people, who believed, he wrote, in the life-giving mother. Initially extremely critical of Islam in his writing, Chraïbi gradually began to forefront an Islam of peace. This evolving attitude to Islam, informed by the changing socio-political milieu in North Africa and France, led to his writing a novel about the life of Muhammad. In it he focused on Muhammad’s creative process, depicting the Prophet of Islam as a simple, non-violent man.

摘要

法国-摩洛哥作家 Driss Chraïbi (1926-2007) 从早期作品中对伊斯兰教的反感演变为一部关于先知穆罕默德的小说 (1995)。在这部作品中，他将伊斯兰教的诞生与大地母亲的诞生融合在一起，将《古兰经》中的阿拉伯慈悲词根与母体一词混为一谈。地球母亲的理论起源于 19 世纪，从 1960 年代开始被女权主义者所接受。在摩洛哥，在前伊斯兰时期的一位贵族妇女的坟墓中发现了女性至尊创造者的雕像，阿尔及利亚女权主义者 Assia Djebar 收养了她作为母系统治的象征。尽管 Chraïbi 可能已经接触过其中的一些想法，但他通往地球母亲的个人道路似乎更多地来自他自己的经历。生于乌姆尔比亚[春母]河口，他的根源是柏柏尔人/伊马齐根人，他写道，他们相信这位赋予生命的母亲。Chraïbi 最初在他的著作中极度批评伊斯兰教，后来逐渐开始将和平的伊斯兰教置于最前沿。北非和法国不断变化的社会政治环境使这种对伊斯兰教的态度不断演变，导致他写了一部关于穆罕默德生平的小说。在其中，他专注于穆罕默德的创作过程，将伊斯兰教的先知描绘成一个简单、非暴力的人。